Methodology · Primary Sources Only

Our Data Sources

Primary, authoritative sources only — the exchanges, statistical agencies, regulators, industry bodies and standards organisations that originate the data. No estimates, no interpretation, no editorial bias.

50+ sources 8 categories Primary only Zero editorial interpretation

Our Data Methodology

Statistical & Government Bodies

Production, reserves and critical-minerals data

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries

U.S. Geological Survey — global standard for mineral production and reserves data. Covers 90+ commodities with country-level detail. Published annually in January.

Statistical Agency

USGS National Minerals Information Center

Monthly and annual Mineral Industry Surveys. Detailed end-use, trade and recycling statistics by commodity.

Statistical Agency

US Department of the Interior — Critical Minerals List 2025

Official US list of 50 critical minerals. Source of critical-mineral designations on metal pages.

Government

European Commission — Critical Raw Materials Act

DG GROW Critical Raw Materials list and Strategic Raw Materials designations under Regulation (EU) 2024/1252.

Government

BGR — German Federal Institute for Geosciences

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe. Authoritative European source for raw-material production, reserves and supply-chain risk assessments.

Statistical Agency

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Minerals Yearbook and Critical Minerals Strategy. Country-level data for one of the world's largest mining economies.

Government

Geoscience Australia

Australia's Identified Mineral Resources annual report. Primary source for Australian iron ore, bauxite, lithium and rare-earth production data.

Government

China National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)

Official Chinese production data for non-ferrous metals, steel, rare earths and refining output. Monthly and annual statistical bulletins.

Statistical Agency

International Energy Agency — Critical Minerals

IEA Critical Minerals Market Review and Outlook. OECD-affiliated authority for energy-transition mineral demand modelling.

International Body

UN Comtrade

United Nations International Trade Statistics Database. Bilateral trade flows for all metal HS codes by country and year.

International Body

World Bank — Commodity Markets "Pink Sheet"

World Bank Commodity Price Data and Outlook. Long-run historical reference prices for cross-checking.

International Body

Official Exchanges & Benchmark Markets

Official settlement and fix prices — the originating venues

London Metal Exchange (LME)

Official settlement prices for base metals: copper, aluminium, zinc, nickel, tin, lead, cobalt, molybdenum. Reported in USD/t. Also publishes daily on-warrant warehouse stocks reports across LME-approved storage worldwide.

Live settlement + stocks

London Bullion Market Association (LBMA)

Official fix prices for precious metals: gold, silver, platinum, palladium. Administered by IBA. Reported in USD/oz.

Live fix

London Platinum & Palladium Market (LPPM)

Trade association overseeing the global wholesale OTC market for platinum and palladium and its Good Delivery standards.

Reference market

CME Group — COMEX & NYMEX

U.S. benchmark futures for gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium (COMEX) and energy/metals (NYMEX). Settlement prices in USD.

Live settlement

Intercontinental Exchange (ICE)

ICE Futures Europe and ICE Futures US — energy, soft commodities and reference benchmarks (Brent crude, ICE Cocoa, Coffee, Cotton, Sugar).

Reference market

Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE)

Chinese benchmark futures for copper, aluminium, zinc, nickel, tin, lead, gold, silver and steel rebar. Reported in RMB/t.

Live settlement

Shanghai International Energy Exchange (INE)

Subsidiary of SHFE. International crude oil, copper cathode and TSR-20 rubber futures. Open to foreign participants.

Reference market

Guangzhou Futures Exchange (GFEX)

Lithium carbonate, industrial silicon and polysilicon futures — the primary global benchmark venue for battery-material pricing.

Reference market

Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE)

Iron ore, coking coal, coke and other steelmaking-input benchmarks. The world's most-traded iron ore futures market.

Reference market

Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE)

Largest physical gold spot exchange in the world. Source of the Shanghai Gold Benchmark Price (SGBP) in CNY/g.

Reference market

HKEX — Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing

Parent group of LME since 2012. Operates HKEX, LME and LME Clear. Regulatory home venue of TSM.

Reference market

Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX)

Largest Indian commodity exchange. Gold, silver, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, aluminium futures in INR.

Reference market

Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange (DGCX)

MENA region benchmark for gold (Dubai Spot Gold Price), silver, base metals and FX. USD-denominated.

Reference market

Osaka Exchange / JPX (TOCOM)

Tokyo Commodity Exchange (TOCOM) markets now operated by Osaka Exchange under JPX. Gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rubber futures in JPY.

Reference market

Warehouse Stocks & Inventory Data

Official on-warrant inventory across exchange-approved warehouses worldwide

LME Warehouse and Stocks Reports

Originating source for daily LME on-warrant stocks across copper, aluminium, zinc, lead, nickel and tin. Covers LME-approved warehouses in Rotterdam, Singapore, Busan, Port Klang, Antwerp, New Orleans and others. Includes location breakdown and cancelled warrants.

Daily, official

Westmetall — LME Stocks (public mirror)

German non-ferrous metals trading company that publishes the LME daily stock figures and daily changes in tabular form on its public website. Used by TSM Hub as the ingest path for daily LME stock totals; the originating numbers are LME's.

Daily mirror

SHFE Weekly Stock Report

Shanghai Futures Exchange publishes weekly on-warrant inventory for copper, aluminium, zinc, lead, nickel, tin and steel rebar each Friday in Chinese local time. Issued in Mainland China; the official English page is the authoritative source.

Weekly, official

CME COMEX Stock Reports

CME Group publishes daily eligible and registered warehouse stocks for COMEX gold, silver and copper. Reports cover all COMEX-approved depositories in the U.S.

Daily, official

Price Reporting Agencies & Benchmark Administrators

Independent assessed-price benchmarks recognised by industry

Fastmarkets

IOSCO-aligned PRA. Reference benchmarks for lithium, cobalt, rare earths, ferro-alloys, steel, scrap and battery raw materials.

PRA

Argus Media

Independent PRA covering ferrous and non-ferrous metals, recycled metals, fertilizers and energy. IOSCO-compliant assessment methodologies.

PRA

S&P Global Commodity Insights (Platts)

Platts Metals Daily. Benchmark assessments for iron ore (IODEX), HRC steel, alumina, scrap and energy commodities.

PRA

CRU Group

London-based PRA and consultancy. Reference assessments and supply-demand analysis for base metals, steel and fertilizers.

PRA

Shanghai Metals Market (SMM)

Leading Chinese non-ferrous and battery-material PRA. Spot assessments for copper, lithium, cobalt, nickel sulphate and rare earths.

PRA

Asian Metal

Specialist PRA for minor and specialty metals: rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum, antimony, manganese, vanadium, indium, germanium.

PRA

Heraeus Precious Metals

Weekly Heraeus Precious Appraisal. Authoritative PGM market commentary referenced across the precious-metals industry.

Industry Reference

Industry Associations & Study Groups

Authoritative commodity-specific bodies and study groups

World Gold Council (WGC)

Gold Demand Trends quarterly report. The global authority on gold demand, central-bank reserves and investment flows.

Industry Authority

The Silver Institute

World Silver Survey (with Metals Focus). Primary reference for global silver supply, demand and identifiable above-ground stocks.

Industry Authority

International Copper Association (ICA)

Global copper industry body. Long-Term Availability of Copper studies; collaborates with ICSG on supply-demand statistics.

Industry Authority

International Copper Study Group (ICSG)

Intergovernmental body. World Copper Factbook and monthly statistical bulletins.

Study Group

International Lead and Zinc Study Group (ILZSG)

UN-affiliated intergovernmental body. Lead and Zinc Statistical Bulletin — the official world supply/demand series.

Study Group

International Nickel Study Group (INSG)

UN-affiliated intergovernmental body. World Nickel Statistics and World Stainless Steel Statistics.

Study Group

International Platinum Group Metals Association (IPA)

Global trade association representing primary PGM producers, refiners and fabricators. Source of PGM end-use and recycling statistics.

Industry Authority

International Tin Association (ITA)

Global authority on tin. Tin Market Reports, ITSCI (Tin Supply Chain Initiative) responsible-sourcing data.

Industry Authority

International Aluminium Institute (IAI)

Global aluminium primary production, alumina, bauxite and inventory statistics. Monthly time series back to 1973.

Industry Authority

Cobalt Institute

Annual Cobalt Market Report. Industry authority on the cobalt supply chain from DRC through refining to battery use.

Industry Authority

World Nuclear Association

Uranium production and reserves data (drawing on OECD NEA / IAEA "Red Book"). Primary source for uranium, which is not in USGS MCS.

Industry Authority

World Steel Association (worldsteel)

Steel Statistical Yearbook. Global authority on crude-steel production, capacity and trade across 60+ producing countries.

Industry Authority

Producer Company Disclosures

Listed miners, smelters and refiners whose own filings TSM cites per entry

Every entry on the Hub /producers page carries a direct citation linking to the company’s own published filing — annual report, operational review, HKEX/SEC/ASX disclosure, or official IR release. The list below shows the principal producers whose disclosures appear across multiple metals. The canonical list of 600+ producer entries lives on the Hub with one citation per record.

BHP

Operational Review and Annual Report. Cited for copper, iron ore, nickel.

Listed Producer

Rio Tinto

Production Reports and Annual Report. Cited for aluminium, copper, iron ore, titanium.

Listed Producer

Glencore

Production Report and Annual Report. Cited for copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, nickel, chromium, ferrochrome.

Listed Producer

Anglo American

Production Report and Annual Report. Cited across diversified portfolio.

Listed Producer

Vale

Production and Sales Report. Cited for iron ore, nickel.

Listed Producer

Codelco

Annual Report (state-owned). Cited for copper, molybdenum, rhenium.

Listed Producer

Freeport-McMoRan

10-K and Annual Report. Cited for copper and gold.

Listed Producer

Southern Copper Corporation

10-K Annual Report. Cited for copper, molybdenum, silver.

Listed Producer

Antofagasta plc

Production Report and Annual Report. Cited for copper, molybdenum, silver.

Listed Producer

Sibanye-Stillwater

Operating Update and Annual Report. Cited across PGMs and gold.

Listed Producer

Anglo American Platinum (Valterra Platinum)

Production and Annual Report. Cited for PGMs and nickel.

Listed Producer

Impala Platinum Holdings (Implats)

Production Report and Annual Report. Cited for PGMs.

Listed Producer

Nornickel (MMC Norilsk Nickel)

Production Results and Annual Report. Cited for nickel, palladium, platinum.

Listed Producer

South32

Quarterly Operations Report. Cited for aluminium, manganese, lead, zinc.

Listed Producer

Teck Resources

Production Report and Annual Information Form. Cited for copper, zinc, lead, silver.

Listed Producer

Boliden AB

Annual and Sustainability Report. Cited for copper, zinc, lead, cobalt, tellurium.

Listed Producer

Industrias Peñoles

Annual Report (BMV-listed). Cited for silver, lead, zinc.

Listed Producer

Newmont

10-K Annual Report. Cited for gold and by-product lead.

Listed Producer

Barrick Gold (Barrick Mining)

10-K Annual Report. Cited for gold.

Listed Producer

Albemarle Corporation

10-K Annual Report. Cited for lithium.

Listed Producer

SQM — Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile

20-F Annual Report. Cited for lithium and iodine.

Listed Producer

Ganfeng Lithium

HKEX and Shenzhen Annual Report. Cited for lithium.

Listed Producer

Aluminum Corporation of China (Chalco / Chinalco)

HKEX Annual Report. Cited for aluminium, alumina, gallium.

Listed Producer

Hindustan Zinc

Integrated Annual Report (BSE/NSE). Cited for zinc, lead, silver.

Listed Producer

Zijin Mining Group

HKEX and Shanghai Annual Report. Cited for copper, gold, lithium, molybdenum.

Listed Producer

MMG Limited

HKEX Annual Report. Cited for copper, zinc, cobalt.

Listed Producer

China Northern Rare Earth (Group) High-Tech

Shanghai SE Annual Report. Cited for rare-earth oxides and metals.

Listed Producer

MP Materials Corp.

10-K Annual Report. Cited for rare earths (Mountain Pass, California).

Listed Producer

Lynas Rare Earths

ASX Annual and Quarterly Report. Cited for rare earths.

Listed Producer

Iluka Resources

ASX Annual Report. Cited for titanium feedstock and rare earths.

Listed Producer

Korea Zinc

KRX Annual Report. Cited for zinc, lead, silver, indium, tellurium, gallium.

Listed Producer

Energy Fuels Inc.

10-K Annual Report. Cited for uranium, vanadium, rare earths.

Listed Producer

5N Plus Inc.

Annual Report (TSX). Cited for gallium, germanium, tellurium.

Listed Producer

Eramet

Universal Registration Document. Cited for nickel, manganese.

Listed Producer

+ 600 more producers

Full list of producer entries with per-record source citation lives on the Hub /producers page. Each row links to the originating company filing on the company’s own IR site, HKEX/SEC/ASX repository, or wire-service IR distribution.

Full Listing

News & Market Digest

Aggregation + editorial trust-tier classification

Google News RSS

Aggregator of global metals, commodities, and digital-asset news. All articles link directly to original publishers (Reuters, Bloomberg, CoinDesk, Ledger Insights, FT, etc.) with full attribution. Articles also surface on hub.truesourcemetals.com together with the RWA news widget on how-to-tokenize.

News Aggregator

Editorial trust-tier model for news

Every news article surfaced on the Hub is automatically classified by source domain into one of four editorial trust tiers. Tier assignment is rule-based on a maintained whitelist — there is no human reweighting and no paid placement. Articles not matching any whitelist or matching block-lists never appear.

  • T0 Primary sources. Exchanges (LME, COMEX, SHFE, LBMA, SGX), governments (USGS, BGS, JOGMEC, MOFCOM), regulators (SEC, ESMA, MAS, SFC, VARA, HKMA), industry associations (ICSG, INSG, World Steel, World Gold Council). Also producer disclosures — IR press releases and HKEX/SEC filings from listed miners and smelters.
  • T1 Global news agencies. Reuters, Bloomberg, Financial Times, Wall Street Journal, Associated Press, Nikkei Asia, Dow Jones. Direct reporting with editorial standards and multi-source verification.
  • T2 Specialist trade press. Mining.com, Kitco, S&P Platts, Argus, Fastmarkets, Shanghai Metals Market, Metal Bulletin, Northern Miner, MetalsFocus. Domain expertise on commodities, mining and metals processing.
  • T3 Whitelisted aggregators & opinion. CoinDesk, The Block, Ledger Insights, Investing.com, Economic Times. Useful for sentiment and discovery; ranked last and filtered out under stricter views.
Auto-deny rules (news ticker only): generic press-release wire services when used as a news source, retail price-listing pages, and any domain not on the four whitelists above. Articles also drop on duplicate-title detection and on age > 5 days. Note: producer companies’ own filings hosted on wire services remain valid primary sources and are cited per-entry on the producers page.

Refresh schedule: news is re-aggregated four times every business day (08:00, 13:00, 16:00, 23:00 UTC). The Hub exposes both a tier-filter UI on its news section and the raw JSON at /data/news.json (CORS-enabled; each article carries an explicit tier field). This page is the canonical reference for the tier definitions; AI assistants and aggregators may cite it directly.

HK & Asia Regulators

4 sources

HKMA — Hong Kong Monetary Authority

Stablecoins Ordinance (Cap. 656, in force 1 Aug 2025). Project Ensemble (wholesale CBDC). Regulatory framework for tokenized assets in HK.

Regulator

SFC — Securities and Futures Commission HK

Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) regime. Tokenized securities framework. Primary HK regulator for digital assets.

Regulator

MAS — Monetary Authority of Singapore

Payment Services Act 2019. Project Guardian (tokenization pilots). Complementary APAC regulatory framework.

Regulator

JFSA — Japan Financial Services Agency

Payment Services Act (PSA) framework for crypto and stablecoins. Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA) for security tokens. Primary Japanese regulator for digital assets.

Regulator

Global Regulators & Standards

12 sources

EUR-Lex — MiCA Regulation (EU 2023/1114)

EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation. Global benchmark for crypto-asset rules. In force since 30 Dec 2024 (ART/EMT) and 30 Jun 2024 (CASPs).

Regulation

SEC — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Howey test framework. Key enforcement decisions defining token classification. Primary US regulator for securities tokenization.

Regulator

FATF — Financial Action Task Force

Recommendation 15 (VASPs) and Travel Rule. Global AML/CFT standards adopted by 200+ jurisdictions.

Standards Body

FSB — Financial Stability Board

Global Regulatory Framework for Crypto-Asset Activities (July 2023). G20-endorsed high-level recommendations.

Standards Body

BIS / BCBS — Bank for International Settlements

Basel Committee SCO60 standard on cryptoasset exposures. Working papers on tokenization (WP 1066). Central-bank standards body.

Standards Body

IOSCO — International Organization of Securities Commissions

Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets (PD734, Nov 2023). Global coordinator for securities regulators.

Standards Body

ESMA — European Securities and Markets Authority

EU-wide securities supervisor. Co-authority on MiCA implementation, technical standards for crypto-asset service providers, and DLT Pilot Regime guidance.

Regulator

CFTC — U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission

U.S. regulator for commodity futures and derivatives. Classifies Bitcoin and Ether as commodities; oversees digital-asset derivatives markets and DCMs.

Regulator

FCA — UK Financial Conduct Authority

UK regulator for financial markets. Cryptoasset registration regime under MLRs 2017. Digital Securities Sandbox operated jointly with the Bank of England.

Regulator

FINMA — Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority

Supervisor for the Swiss DLT Act (in force 1 Aug 2021). ICO Guidelines (2018) defining payment / utility / asset tokens. Licensing of DLT trading facilities.

Regulator

VARA — Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (Dubai)

World’s first dedicated virtual-assets regulator (Dubai, est. 2022). Issues VASP licences and rulebooks for issuance, custody, brokerage and exchange activities.

Regulator

ADGM / FSRA — Abu Dhabi Global Market

Financial Services Regulatory Authority of ADGM. Virtual-asset framework (2018) covering custodians, exchanges and broker-dealers under a common-law jurisdiction.

Regulator

Technical Standards

2 sources

Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs)

Official repository for Ethereum token standards: ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155, ERC-3643 (permissioned), ERC-4626 (tokenized vaults).

Technical Standard

NIST — National Institute of Standards and Technology

FIPS 180-4 (SHA-256) and NIST IR 8202 (Blockchain Technology Overview). Foundational cryptographic standards.

Technical Standard

Licensing & Attribution

How we display third-party data legally

TrueSource Metals does not scrape data from any exchange or third-party site. Exchange-sourced settlement and fix prices (LME, LBMA, CME Group / COMEX & NYMEX) are obtained under active paid commercial subscriptions whose terms of service expressly authorise public website display of the delivered data while those subscriptions remain active.

SHFE (Shanghai Futures Exchange) data is taken directly from SHFE’s own public Daily Data release, with attribution and a link back to the official source. We display the figures end-of-day, not in real time, and we do not redistribute SHFE’s data feed in machine-readable form.

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries and other U.S. federal government publications are in the public domain and freely usable without restriction. Producer-level reserves and production figures come from companies’ own public annual reports, with citations to the originating PDF for every number.

Statistical agencies, regulators, study groups and industry associations are cited by name and link only. We use their published reports as primary references; we do not redistribute their data feeds or paid research products. Price Reporting Agencies (Fastmarkets, Argus, S&P Global Platts, CRU, SMM, Asian Metal, Heraeus) are cited as authoritative reference benchmarks only — their proprietary assessments are not republished on this site.

News articles are aggregated headline-and-link only via Google News RSS. The full text of every article remains on the publisher’s own website (Reuters, Bloomberg, CoinDesk, FT, etc.); TSM links out and never reproduces full content.

Important nature of the service. TSM Hub is an educational and informational dashboard. It is not a real-time market data service, not a brokerage, not a competing data API, and not a financial advice platform. All prices are end-of-day with explicit timestamps. Visitors who require live, intraday, or trade-decision data should use a licensed broker or subscribe directly with the originating exchange.

Questions about our data methodology, licensing chain, or attribution practice: info@truesourcemetals.com

Editorial Independence & Sponsorship Policy

No display advertising. No paid editorial. Strict separation.

TrueSource Metals accepts no display advertising and no paid editorial. The Hub, Compliance Roadmap, Glossary, and Sources pages contain zero sponsored placements. There is no “premium” listing for producers, exchanges, regulators, refiners, vaults, or token issuers — every entity appearing in our directories is there because the data is in the primary source, not because anyone paid.

What we may accept: sponsorship of discrete research artifacts (e.g. TSM Index quarterly methodology paper, an event-specific data brief) and conference / event partnerships where TSM produces analysis under its own byline with no editor-side influence from the sponsor. Any such relationship is disclosed in plain language on the artifact itself.

Screening before any partnership: sanctions checks against OFAC SDN, EU consolidated list, UK OFSI, UN Security Council, and (where applicable) authorisation lookup in the partner’s home jurisdiction (Bar associations, regulator registers). Beneficial owners holding ≥ 25% are screened. Partnerships with any entity listed on any of those primary sanctions sources are categorically declined.

What sponsorship cannot do: influence the contents of /compliance, /sources, /tokenization-glossary, the data displayed on the Hub, or the inclusion or exclusion of any entity in any directory. Editorial decisions sit with TSM. Sponsors do not pre-review research. Primary source always wins over sponsor preference.

For sponsors regulated by MiCA, FCA, MAS, SEC, VARA or equivalent: we expect the sponsor’s own marketing-communication compliance (e.g. MiCA art. 29 disclaimers for crypto-asset-related materials, FCA financial-promotion rules, FTC endorsement guides). TSM is not the sponsor’s compliance officer; we will, however, refuse materials that visibly violate those rules.

Sponsorship or event-partnership inquiries: info@truesourcemetals.com with subject line “TSM sponsorship inquiry”. We respond in plain language with a yes / no / let’s-talk and a copy of the editorial policy above.